Many pollutants are washed by rainfall from urban and agricultural lands and are carried overland to water bodies. Pollutants include soil particles, fertilizers, pesticides, grease and oil from cars and trucks, and road salts.
During rain storms and snow melt events, the amount of water running over the surface of the land increases, and in severe storms, flooding may result.
Vermont Wetland Training and Educational OpportunitiesThe Vermont Wetland Restoration Manual is a how-to manual for designing and implementing voluntary wetland restoration projects in Vermont. The following links allow you to view and download the manual and individual chapters. Paper copies will be made available at the Montpelier Wetlands Office. Created in 2024. Below are links to download the full manual or view by chapter.
Wetland conservation and protection is aimed at preventing the loss of wetlands and the functions and values they provide. The United States lost over half of its wetlands since European colonization in the early 1600s, and Vermont lost as much as 35 percent. Until recently, wetlands were seen as obstacles to development, agriculture, and travel, and were systematically drained and altered. Conversion of wetlands was accepted practice as recently as the 1950s, and was even incentivized by government policies.
Below are reports produced by the Vermont Wetlands Program
2023 Restoration Monitoring Report: This report summarizes the cumulative findings of the Program’s restoration site monitoring project through the end of 2023.
Wetland plants, or hydrophytic "water loving" vegetation, are those plants which have adapted to growing in the low-oxygen (anaerobic) conditions associated with prolonged saturation or flooding. These plants have adapted to anaerobic soil conditions by evolving alternative methods of collecting oxygen such as the hypertrophied lenticels in the bark of speckled alder; the hollow stems of rush and grass species; and the air filled cells (aerenchyma) in the roots of cattails.
Wetland hydrology refers to the timing and extent of flooding or soil saturation and is considered to be the "driving force" in wetland formation. Rainfall, soil permeability, position in the landscape, surrounding land use, and type of vegetation all influence the hydrology of a wetland.
The saturated or seasonally saturated conditions in wetlands create an environment that favors the growth of specifically adapted wetland plants (hydrophytic vegetation) and promotes the development of wetland soils (hydric soils).
