Manufacturer Volume Status
The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Regulation requires large-volume and intermediate-volume manufacturers selling vehicles in Vermont to provide a certain percent of zero emission vehicles, or ZEVs (such as battery electric and fuel cell vehicles), and cleaner plug-in hybrids. Range-extended battery electric vehicles and improved low-range, neighborhood electric vehicles may also earn credits under the ZEV regulation. The manufacturers listed to the right include 2023 vehicle manufacturers subject to the ZEV requirements.
Beginning with the 2018 Model Year, cleaner hybrids and cleaner gasoline vehicles with near-zero tail pipe emissions no longer earn ZEV credits and their prior credits have a discounted value.
Manufacturer ZEV Requirement
A vehicle manufacturer’s ZEV requirement is based on a percentage of its passenger cars and light-duty trucks from 0 to 8,500 pounds, delivered for sale in Vermont. The table below is the 2023 Vermont vehicle production of large-volume and intermediate-volume manufacturers subject to the ZEV requirement. Manufacturers may exclude ZEV vehicles from their obligation basis.
Large Volume
- BMW
- Fiat Chrysler
- Ford
- General Motors
- Honda
- Hyundai
- KIA
- Mercedes-Benz AG
- Nissan
- Toyota
- Volkswagen
Intermediate Volume
- Jaguar Land Rover
- Mazda
- Mitsubishi
- Subaru Corporation
- Tesla
- Volvo
| Manufacturer | Passenger and LDT |
|---|---|
| BMW | 392 |
| Fiat Chrysler | 2,765 |
| Ford | 4,902 |
| General Motors | 4,837 |
| Honda | 2,225 |
| Hyundai | 922 |
| Jaguar Land Rover | 0 |
| KIA | 1,040 |
| Mazda | 736 |
| Mercedes-Benz AG | 98 |
| Mitsubishi | 386 |
| Nissan | 1,506 |
| Subaru Corporation | 5,092 |
| Tesla | 581 |
| Toyota | 7,187 |
| Volkswagen | 1,653 |
| Volvo | 297 |
| TOTAL | 34,619 |
LDT = light duty truck 0-8,500 lbs.
Manufacturer 2023 ZEV Credit Balances and Transfers
In complying with the ZEV Regulation, large and intermediate volume manufacturers supply vehicles in Vermont which generate credits based on vehicle type. Small volume manufacturers without a formal obligation to supply vehicles may also earn credits that may be banked or sold. The table below lists credit balances as of December 24, 2024 generated since the start of Vermont’s ZEV program in 2000, although requirements for placements began only in 2007. The credits are in units of grams per mile Non-Methane Organic Gases (g/mi NMOG) converted to ZEV Credits. The credit balances are maintained by the California Air Resources Board Zero Emission Vehicle Credit Reporting and Data Tracking System (ZEVCRDTS) in a Public Summary format.
Note: in various Model Years manufacturers may have earned credits in Vermont for placements in other States adopting the California Low Emission/Zero Emission Vehicle Regulations through a mechanism known as “Travel”, meant to foster technology development without placing undue burden upon manufacturers. Travel of FCVs continues while travel of BEVs was completed prior to the close of the Model Year 2017 per the ZEV regulation.
| MFR | FCV | BEV | BEVx | NEV+ | Discount | TZEV | Totals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMW |
0.00
|
182.69
|
90.42
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
1,856.22
|
2,129.33
|
| Fiat Chrysler |
0.00
|
1,673.80
|
0.00
|
935.84
|
0.00
|
597.53
|
3,207.17
|
| Ford |
0.00
|
2,978.32
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
217.11
|
3,195.43
|
| General Motors |
0.00
|
4,153.12
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
2,780.05
|
6,933.17
|
| Honda |
828.44
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
2,752.67
|
3,581.11
|
| Hyundai |
0.00
|
855.99
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
633.06
|
1,489.05
|
| Jaguar Land Rover |
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
| KIA |
0.00
|
451.39
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
629.02
|
1,080.41
|
| Lucid |
0.00
|
4.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
4.00
|
| Mazda |
0.00
|
576.47
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
576.47
|
| Mercedes-Benz AG |
0.00
|
105.15
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
5,422.50
|
5,527.65
|
| Mitsubishi |
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
| Nissan |
0.00
|
1,819.35
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
1,819.35
|
| Rivian |
0.00
|
540.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
540.00
|
| Subaru Corporation |
0.00
|
6,503.49
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
6,503.49
|
| Tesla |
0.00
|
6,051.07
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
6,051.07
|
| Toyota |
0.00
|
2,203.13
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
99.75
|
2,623.86
|
4,926.74
|
| Volkswagen |
0.00
|
3,254.31
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
864.57
|
4,118.88
|
| Volvo |
0.00
|
393.15
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
393.15
|
| TOTALS |
828.44
|
31,745.43
|
90.42
|
935.84
|
99.75
|
18,376.59
|
52,076.47
|
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Definitions
- FCV = Fuel Cell Vehicle
- BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle
- BEVx = BEVs with a clean range-extending auxiliary power unit
- NEV+ = Neighborhood Electric Vehicle, an improved low speed, limited range vehicle
- Discount = Conversion of Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (clean hybrids) and Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (clean gasoline) credits from prior year ZEV Program requirements per Title 13, California Code of Regulations Section 1962.1(g)(2)(f)
- TZEV = Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle, e.g., "plug-in hybrid"
Public Transfer Report of 2023 Vermont ZEV Credits
| Transferor | Vehicle Type | Total Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Rivian | BEV | 336.00 |
| Tesla | BEV | 321.00 |
| TOTAL | 657.00 |
| Transferee | Vehicle Type | Total Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Mazda | BEV | 657.00 |
| TOTAL | 657.00 |