C:\upper winooski vol\DSCN5235.JPG Water Quality Monitoring in the Upper Winooski River Headwaters 2013 Bacteria and Nutrients within the towns of Cabot-Marshfield-Plainfield pearlshell mussel in distress at martin bridge 2011 Prepared by Steve Fiske and Shawn White for The Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation The Friends of the Winooski River in Cooperation with The Conservation Commissions of Cabot, Marshfield, and Plainfield with support from the R.A. LaRosa Grants Program April 7, 2014 E. coli Bacteria Fecal coliform bacteria are a particular group of bacteria primarily found in human and animal intestines and wastes. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the fecal coliform bacteria widely used as an indicator organism to show the presence of such wastes in water and the possible presence of pathogenic (disease-producing) organisms. When E. coli is found in waters, its presence is not the problem of concern itself but is rather an indicator of the presence of fecal contamination (most strains of E.coli are not pathogenic) from humans or animals. E. coli monitoring is commonly conducted to ensure that the water is safe for swimmers and other contact recreational activities; a relationship can often be established between high bacteria concentrations and its sources such as rainfall runoff from urban streets, waterfowl or other wildlife congregations, pastured animals, and untreated waste (septic) water. Vermont’s current Class B water quality standard sets the maximum tolerable E. coli level at 77 MPN (most probable number)/100 ml of sampled water. This is a very conservative standard and indicates a potential risk of contracting a gastrointestinal health illness of <4 people in a 1,000 after ingestion of water and is typically below the level of E. coli that can originate from wildlife. The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently recommends a less stringent standard for geometric mean E. coli level of 126 MPN/100mL. This equals a risk factor of about 36 illnesses/1,000 ingestions. The EPA also provides an E. coli “Beach Action Value” (BAV) of 235 MPN/mL for single water samples. States can adopt this value and use it to close a recreational water site to the public when E. coli levels are above this standard. The State of Vermont is currently reviewing its water quality criteria and is considering the adoption of the 126 mpn/mL geometric mean standard for E. coli and a STV (Statistical Threshold Value) standard of 235 MPN/mL that no more than 25% of samples should be above. E. coli Monitoring In 2013 the Winooski Headwaters Partnership volunteers concentrated sampling on the main stem locations from Cabot to Plainfield. Twelve locations were on the main stem of the Winooski River, which in 2007-2012 had chronic E. coli problems under base flow conditions from below Cabot to Plainfield. In an attempt to identify potential bacteria source sub watersheds, one Winooski River tributary was also sampled in 2013: “Trib B” in Plainfield, because it had periodic high bacteria counts in 2011 and 2012. Samples were collected approximately bi-weekly from June 11th, thru Aug 29th resulting for a total of 6 sampling dates over the summer. Table 1 below lists all sites sampled in 2013. Maps in Appendix 1 show the locations of all 2013 E. coli sampling locations. The raw E. coli data are presented in Appendix 2. Table 1: Headwaters E. coli monitoring locations for 2013 in the Cabot-Marshfield-Plainfield, Vt. area. Shaded locations were sampled for the first time in 2013. The remaining sites are longer-term monitoring locations. River Location Latitude Longitude Description WIN 86.6 44.4065 72.3104 Above small tributary (Cabot Plains) adjacent to Cabot Recreation Field WIN 85.5 44.3984 72.3244 By Larry’s Ball field below Cabot village. WIN 84.1 44.3906 72.3307 Immediately above sawmill road bridge at Cabot WWTF WIN 83.8 44.3829 72.3325 Durant cemetery below Cabot WWTF WIN 83.4 44.3795 72.3331 Upper Gould flats, below farm road crossing DRAIN 1 44.3800 72.3335 1st ditch below 83.4 (agricultural) WIN 82.8 44.3604 72.3353 Just above GMP generation station. WIN 82.6 44.3519 72.3470 At Rte. 2 bridge just above Marshfield Village WIN 81.8 44.3511 72.3547 Above Marshfield WWTP, below Creamery tributary WIN 81.6 44.3501 72.3566 Below Marshfield WWTF, at flower farm WIN 72.8 44.2871 72.4090 At Martin Bridge TRB B 0.1 44.2792 72.4176 Trib B below RR bed crossing, below residential area in Plainfield WIN 71.4 44.2775 72.4258 Below Bridge and Dam in Plainfield Village WIN 70.7 44.2733 72.4322 Below Plainfield WWTF at rip rap bank The 2013 summer’s geometric mean from all locations at low-flow conditions is presented in Table 2 along with the geomean results from years 2007, 2008, and 2010-2012. The table illustrates where E. coli levels are chronically high along the main stem. Geometric mean E. coli counts above the current, very conservative Vermont standard of 77 mpn/ml were recorded starting at the WIN84.1 site below the Cabot wastewater treatment facility on Sawmill Road and downstream from there at all Winooski main stem sites. Chronically high counts above the less stringent EPA geometric mean standard of 126 mpn/ml were present at several sites along the main stem in Marshfield (above and below the hydropower generating station and at Martin Bridge, the location of the endangered pearl shell mussel population) and Plainfield (below the dam and below the waste water treatment facility). Site WIN82.8 above the Marshfield hydropower station and site WIN 71.4 below the Plainfield dam had particularly high geometric mean E. coli levels, both exceeding 200 mpn/ml. These two sites have had consistently high E. coli levels in every year they have been tested since 2007. Sites downstream from these two sites had consistently lower geometric mean E. coli levels during dry weather, suggesting that the bacteria is diluted by incoming tributaries, and/or the bacteria degrade over time and distance in the water. Table 2: Geometric Mean E. coli during dry conditions at Headwaters monitoring sites on the upper Winooski River and one tributary in years 2007, 2008, and 2010-2013. Dry conditions are defined here as dates when there had been less than 0.25” of rain during the preceding 48 hours. Site locations are listed from upstream in Cabot (top) to downstream in Plainfield Village (bottom). E. coli counts above the EPA standard of 126 MPN/ml are highlighted in red, and counts above the current Vermont standard of 77 MPN/ml are highlighted in orange. No monitoring was performed in 2009. E. coli Geometric Mean Under Dry Conditions (mpn/ml) Site ID Description 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 All Years WIN86.6 Cabot Rec Fields 48.2 48.2 WIN85.5 Larry’s Ball field below Cabot 51.5 78.2 94.3 73.9 72.2 WIN84.1 Above Sawmill Rd at Cabot WWTF 117.8 84.3 123.7 112.9 109.4 WIN83.8 Durrant Cemetery 187.5 82.5 127.8 175.2 142.9 110.3 131.7 WIN83.4 Winooski R at confluence of tributary 219.3 97.0 173.7 WIN82.8 Marshfield above hydro station 171.3 540.6 128.1 274.0 WIN82.6 Marshfld @ Rt 2 below hydro station 41.01 236.3 55.8 441.8 213.6 128.8 WIN81.8 Above Marshfield WWTF 154.33 184.0 316.7 109.2 190.4 WIN81.6 Marshfield Flower Farm 256.5 133.85 149.6 222.7 119.9 174.8 WIN72.8 Marshfield Martin Bridge 161.7 214.1 167.6 149.9 173.8 WIN71.4 Below Plainfield dam 191.9 171.75 370.8 533.2 432.2 260.6 283.5 WIN70.7 Below the Plainfield WWTF 148.64 267.8 244.9 159.0 202.6 The left-most column in Table 2 lists the geometric mean E. coli values calculated using the dry-weather data from all the years a site has been monitored. These multi-year E. coli levels were above the EPA geometric mean standard at all Winooski River sites downstream from WIN84.1. Sites WIN82.8, 72.8, and 71.4 exceeded the EPA standard in the past three or more consecutive years. The E. coli levels at WIN71.4 have exceeded EPA standards for the past six years. Geometric mean E. coli calculated over all years is highest at WIN82.8 and WIN71.4. E. coli levels at WIN82.8 increase significantly from the nearest upstream site (WIN83.4) suggesting a significant source or sources of bacteria occur between these locations. While the all-year geometric mean E. coli level at sites downstream from WIN82.8 are also high, they are lower than the WIN82.8 value until the WIN71.4 site, where another spike in E. coli appears to be happening regularly in all monitoring years. The locations where E. coli levels appear to be spiking (WIN82.8 and WIN71.4) can be seen when geometric mean E. coli are graphed versus Winooski river mile (Figure 1). 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 E coli mpn/ 100mL Winooki River Mile upstream ---> downstream Geometric mean E. coli at Winooski River monitoring sites Dry conditions only 2010-2013 EPA Standard (126 MPN/ml) 2010 2011 2012 2013 All Years Figure 1. Geometric mean E. coli levels at Winooski River main stem monitoring sites. Geometric mean values were calculated using data from dry-weather dates from all years 2007 – 2013. Not all sites were monitored every year (see Table 2 above). Only years 2010 – 2013 are shown since WIN 82.8 was not monitored in previous years. The EPA standard for geometric mean E. coli levels (126 mpn/ml) is shown by the dotted line. Geometric mean multi-year E. coli levels were above the EPA standard from WIN 83.8 to the most downstream site, WIN70.7. This stretch of river from includes the site where the dam in Marshfield village was removed in 2012. The removal of this dam opens up a potential kayaking run from about the WIN83.6 location down to the Marshfield town community center and Creamery Book confluence. High bacteria levels through this reach of stream will expose kayakers and other contact recreational users of the river to a greater risk of exposure and contracting gastrointestinal related sickness. This stretch of river also includes two private river- side campgrounds, the Martin Bridge Park, the location of a population of the endangered pearl shell mussel (also at Martin Bridge), and the Plainfield Recreation Fields where there is easy pubic access to the river just below the WIN71.4 monitoring site where the highest E. coli counts are measured. The data presented above included only the measurements made during dry conditions where there had been less than 0.25 inches of rain in the preceding 48 hours. This data allows the identification of chronic E. coli problems. When E. coli levels at all conditions regardless of flow are considered, one can get an idea of how stormwater runoff affects the water quality of the river. Table 3 illustrates how the mean E. coli numbers increase when all flow conditions are included. Table 3: Geometric mean E. coli during all flow and weather conditions at Headwaters monitoring sites on the upper Winooski River in years 2007, 2008, and 2010-2013. Dry conditions are defined here as dates when there had been less than 0.25” of rain during the preceding 48 hours. Site locations are listed from upstream in Cabot (top) to downstream in Plainfield Village (bottom). E. coli counts above the EPA standard of 126 MPN/ml are highlighted in red, and counts above the current Vermont standard of 77 MPN/ml are highlighted in orange. No monitoring was performed in 2009. E. coli Geometric Mean Under All Conditions (mpn/ml) Site ID Description 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 All Years WIN86.6 Cabot Rec Fields 208.3 208.3 WIN85.5 Larry’s Ball field below Cabot 97.8 107.1 94.3 218.2 123.3 WIN84.1 Above Sawmill Rd at Cabot WWTF 195.0 117.0 123.7 284.7 173.6 WIN83.8 Durrant Cemetery 230.7 101.2 208.7 222.6 142.9 332.6 191.3 WIN83.4 Winooski R at confluence of trib 219.3 244.8 232.8 WIN82.8 Marshfield above hydro station 231.4 540.6 379.0 363.0 WIN82.6 Marshfld @ Rt 2 below hydro station 101.1 348.2 95.4 441.8 405.8 222.3 WIN81.8 Above Marshfield WWTF 191.0 282.7 316.7 318.4 266.0 WIN81.6 Marshfld Flower Farm 370.1 174.8 149.6 222.7 289.3 252.0 WIN72.8 Marshfld Martin Bridge 246.4 228.9 167.6 327.0 239.8 WIN71.4 Below Plainfield dam 323.6 253.5 506.9 488.4 432.2 358.5 372.9 WIN70.7 Below the Plainfield WWTF 202.6 386.5 244.9 456.6 303.5 The geometric mean E. coli levels for 2013 were well above the EPA standard of 126 mpn/ml at all sites, and all sites but one had E. coli levels above the standard when the geometric mean was calculated using data from all years available for each site. As seen with the dry conditions data, the two sites with the highest E. coli levels in the all-year average were WIN82.8 in Marshfield and WIN71.4 below the dam in Plainfield. This was not the case with the 2013 data alone, however, since WIN82.6 levels were higher than WIN82.8. Tributaries: 2011 Headwaters monitoring on Tributary B above the Plainfield dam suggested it was a potential source of E. coli in the main stem Winooski. This unnamed tributary was resampled in 2012 and 2013. The 2012 monitoring did not show this tributary to be a significant source of E. coli bacteria since geometric mean E. coli levels at this site were below both the EPA and the Vermont standards. However, most of the monitoring dates in 2012 were on dry days when there had been little rain during the previous 48 hours. The 2013 monitoring season was much wetter, however, and while the geometric mean E. coli level for Trib B was quite low, when samples taken in all weather conditions are included, the geometric mean E. coli level for this site rises well above 126 mpn/ml (see Table 3). The E. coli levels in this tributary were only high during heavy rain where over 1 inch of precipitation fell (Table 4), and were extremely high in those instances. Table 3. E. coli levels in two tributaries of the Winooski River in 2013. The Drain 1 value is based on only one sample that was taken during a rainstorm. Values above the EPA standard of 126 mpn/ml are highlighted in red. No sample was taken from Drain 1 during dry conditions. Tributary/Site ID Description Geo mean E. coli (mpn/ml) dry conditions Geo mean E. coli (mpn/ml) all conditions Trib B Tributary below RR bed crossing 18.73 190.69 Drain 1 1st ditch in ag field below 83.4 na > 2419.6 A potential source of E. coli above the Marshfield hydropower generating station, “Drain 1” on Route 215 in Cabot, was sampled once in 2013 when flow was high due to heavy rain. The E. coli levels in this sample were extremely high (>2419.6 mpn/ml). This ditch was not sampled again in 2013, however, because of landowner objections. Table 4. E. coli levels in Tributary B on all 2013 sampling dates, showing rainfall amounts for the sampling day and the previous day. E. coli values above the EPA standard of 126 mpn/ml are highlighted in red. Date E. coli (mpn/ml) Same day rainfall (inches) Previous day's rainfall (inches) 6/11/13 2419.6 1.6 0.32 6/25/13 150 0.81 0.22 7/9/13 156 0 0.91 7/23/13 2419.6 1.23 0.01 8/13/13 27 0.16 0 8/27/13 13 0 0.11 In summary, the E. coli bacterial monitoring on the main stem of the upper Winooski River showed a similar trend as that of 2011 and 2012. E. coli levels were high at most sites at both low and high flows, but were higher after rain events. The highest levels of the bacteria were found in the same two reaches in all three years. One reach is in Marshfield from just below the Cabot flats at the Green Mountain Power hydropower generation station through Marshfield village to about Creamery Brook, and the other in Plainfield village below the dam. The E. coli counts in these reaches are significantly above the VT and EPA contact recreation standards. The source(s) of E. coli for the Marshfield village reach appear to be located between the generating station and Gould Flats Road. This reach of the watershed should be explored to help identify potential non-point sources and ways to mitigate them. The high counts in the Plainfield village area are potentially from stormwater or poor municipal hookups and infrastructure leaks. Stormwater outfalls were monitored during dry weather in both Marshfield and Plainfield by the Friends of the Winooski River in the summer of 2013. This monitoring revealed only one potential problem outfall downstream from both these reaches, however, and no obvious problems in upstream areas (see Stormwater Outfall Monitoring section below). One outfall right at the Plainfield dam, however, was not accessible for assessment and could be a potential source of the E. coli contamination. For both the Marshfield and Plainfield reaches, E. coli could be reaching the river during storm events via stormwater runoff, either through the storm drain system or as surface runoff into tributaries- situations that would not have been detected in the monitoring process. The two tributaries that were monitored by the Headwaters during the 2013 season, one in Plainfield upstream from WIN74.1, and one in Marshfield upstream from WIN82.8, showed evidence of high E. coli during rain events. The Plainfield tributary had low E. coli during dry, low-flow periods, however. The Marshfield tributary was not sampled during dry conditions. It appears that at least one source of E. coli may be surface runoff, whereas illicit discharge from stormwater outfalls seems a less likely source. Due to the chronically elevated E. coli levels in the main stem it is recommended that this monitoring continue, and that the E. coli sources continue to be tracked down. Results for the 2013 Headwaters monitoring has been presented at the Marshfield town meeting and will be posted on the Friends of the Winooski website. Links to this site will be distributed to Cabot, Marshfield and Plainfield residents via Front Porch forum. Water Quality Monitoring Results The five Winooski River tributaries in Table 5 were sampled in 2013 for nutrients (total nitrogen and phosphorus) and chloride. The samples were all collected once pre month June through September regardless of flow conditions for a total of four sampling dates. The results are presented in Appendix 3 and average concentrations at low and all flows are shown in Table 4 below. Chloride concentrations were well below Vermont’s proposed standard for chloride of 230 mg/l at all sites and below the detection level of 2 mg/l at two of the tributary streams. Chloride concentrations in Vermont are primarily a reflection on the level of road salt accumulation in the groundwater. These chloride levels are low and do not pose a threat to the aquatic life. Nitrogen concentrations were also low and below the Vermont standard of 5 mg/L. Mean total phosphorus was relatively low during dry periods, with the exception of the WIN72.8 site, where total phosphorus averaged above the State’s proposed 15 µg/L for medium, high gradient streams at low flow. Phosphorus levels increased significantly in all streams during high flow after rain events, especially on South Walden Tributary, Jug Brook, and Great Brook, as seen in the average phosphorus values for all conditions. River Location Latitude Longitude Description SWT 0.2 44.419325 72.312587 South Walden Tributary at Houston Hill Road JB 0.1 44.3923 72.3310 Jug Brook immediately below Rt 215 in lower Cabot. NAB 2.6 44.2776 72.37728 Naismith Brook at Holt Road bridge WIN 72.8 44.2871 72.4090 Winooski River at Martin Bridge GB 0.1 44.2767 72.4267 Great Brook at mouth Table 3: Locations of water quality monitoring stream reaches sampled in 2013. Table 4: Average (n=4) concentration of chloride, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in four small tributaries of the upper Winooski River and the Winooski River at Martin Bridge (site WIN 72.8) during dry conditions or all conditions. Dry conditions were defined as sampling times when there had been less than 0.25 inches of rain in the previous 48 hours. There were two dates that qualified as dry based on this criterion. The current Vermont standard for nitrogen in class B streams is 5mg/L. There is no current standard for chloride and phosphorus, but the state is considering the adoption of a 230 mg/ml standard for mean chloride and a 15 ug/L standard for mean phosphorus at low flow in class B medium, high-gradient streams. Values above these standards are highlighted. Location Chloride (mg/L) TN (mg/L) TP (µg/L) dry all dry all dry all SWT 0.2 18.55 16.0 0.36 0.8 9.06 158.2 JB 0.1 <2 <2 0.29 0.69 9.0 125.9 NAB 2.6 <2 <2 0.32 0.33 14.8 24.0 WIN 72.8 5.8 5.3 0.37 0.41 20.0 46.4 GB 0.1 5.7 2.4 0.54 0.68 6.3 247.7 Storm water outfall monitoring: In the summer and fall of 2013, The Friends of the Winooski River and Stone Environmental conducted a comprehensive storm water outfall monitoring and assessment in the towns of Plainfield, Marshfield, and Cabot. In this assessment, we visited all mapped stormwater outfall locations for each town during dry weather when the outfalls would be expected to be dry. Flowing outfalls were flagged as possible problem outfalls, and water quality testing was done in the field for ammonia, chlorine, and detergents. Optical brightener test pads were left in these flowing outfalls for approximately one week. Optical brighteners are present in laundry detergents and are added to “brighten” fabric. They bind to cotton, fluoresce under UV (black) light, and can be used as an indicator of domestic sewage. This effort identified one stormwater outfall in Plainfield that was flowing during dry weather conditions and had a discharge that tested positive for optical brighteners. The outfall empties onto the bank of the Winooski between monitoring sites WIN71.4 and WIN70.7. Closer inspection of the catchbasin above this outfall revealed a suspicious, unmapped connection entering into this basin located at the corner of Martin Meadow Road and Towne Avenue. The flow from this connection also tested strongly positive for optical brighteners, indicating it contained laundry detergent and probably originated from one or more of the homes in the surrounding residential neighborhood. A sample of the discharge from this connection was sent to the La Rosa laboratory for E. coli testing to determine whether fecal matter was also present in the discharge. The results of this testing was negative (<1 mpn/ml). The Friends plan to follow up this problem outfall with the town of Plainfield’s Department of Water and Waste Water in the spring of 2014. Appendix 1: Maps showing locations of E. coli sampling sites in the Upper Winooski River 2013. Blue icons indicate E. coli monitoring sites; green icons indicate water quality parameter monitoring sites. The teal marker indicates the location of WIN72.8, where both E. coli and the other water quality parameters were monitored. Appendix 2: 2013 E. coli counts by station location and date, and the geometric mean Location Date flow Final E. Coli. (mpn/100ml) TRB B 0.1 6/11/13 high >2419.6 TRB B 0.1 6/25/13 high 150 TRB B 0.1 7/9/13 high 156 TRB B 0.1 7/23/13 high >2419.6 TRB B 0.1 8/13/13 low 27 TRB B 0.1 8/27/13 low 13 TRB B 0.1 geo mean low 18.73 TRB B 0.1 geo mean all 190.69 WIN 70.7 6/11/13 high 579 WIN 70.7 6/25/13 high 261 WIN 70.7 7/9/13 high 980 WIN 70.7 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 70.7 8/13/13 low 93 WIN 70.7 8/27/13 low 272 WIN 70.7 geo mean dry 159.0 WIN 70.7 geo mean all 456.6 WIN 71.4 6/11/13 high 291 WIN 71.4 6/25/13 high 193 WIN 71.4 7/9/13 high 816 WIN 71.4 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 71.4 8/13/13 low 84 WIN 71.4 8/27/13 low 228 WIN 71.4 geo mean dry 138.39 WIN 72.8 geo mean all 358.52 WIN 72.8 6/11/13 high 214 WIN 72.8 6/25/13 high 172 WIN 72.8 7/9/13 high 1046 WIN 72.8 7/23/13 high 1414 WIN 72.8 8/13/13 low 105 WIN 72.8 8/27/13 low 214 WIN 72.8 geo mean dry 149.9 WIN 72.8 geo mean all 327.03 Location Date flow Final E. Coli. (mpn/100ml) WIN 81.6 6/11/13 high 308 WIN 81.6 6/25/13 high 228 WIN 81.6 7/9/13 high 240 WIN 81.6 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 81.6 8/13/13 low 124 WIN 81.6 8/27/13 low 116 WIN 81.6 geo mean dry 119.93 WIN 81.6 geo mean all 289.33 WIN 81.8 6/11/13 high 411 WIN 81.8 6/25/13 high 411 WIN 81.8 7/9/13 high 214 WIN 81.8 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 81.8 8/13/13 low 91 WIN 81.8 8/27/13 low 131 WIN 81.8 geo mean dry 109.18 WIN 81.8 geo mean all 318.44 WIN 82.6 6/11/13 high 687 WIN 82.6 6/25/13 high 387 WIN 82.6 7/9/13 high 152 WIN 82.6 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 82.6 8/13/13 low 140 WIN 82.6 8/27/13 low 326 WIN 82.6 geo mean dry 213.64 WIN 82.6 geo mean all 405.76 WIN 82.8 6/11/13 high 488 WIN 82.8 6/25/13 high 461 WIN 82.8 7/9/13 high 517 WIN 82.8 7/23/13 high 1553 WIN 82.8 8/13/13 low 108 WIN 82.8 8/27/13 low 152 WIN 82.8 geo mean dry 128.12 WIN 82.8 geo mean all 379.03 Location Date flow Final E. Coli. (mpn/100ml) WIN 83.4 6/11/13 high 276 WIN 83.4 6/25/13 high 199 WIN 83.4 7/9/13 high 172 WIN 83.4 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 83.4 8/13/13 low 64 WIN 83.4 8/27/13 low 147 WIN 83.4 geo mean dry 96.99 WIN 83.4 geo mean all 244.77 WIN 83.8 6/11/13 high 488 WIN 83.8 6/25/13 high 172 WIN 83.8 7/9/13 high 548 WIN 83.8 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 83.8 8/13/13 low 80 WIN 83.8 8/27/13 low 152 WIN 83.8 geo mean dry 110.27 WIN 83.8 geo mean all 332.58 WIN 84.1 6/11/13 high 387 WIN 84.1 6/25/13 high 186 WIN 84.1 7/9/13 high 240 WIN 84.1 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 84.1 8/13/13 low 54 WIN 84.1 8/27/13 low 236 WIN 84.1 geo mean dry 112.89 WIN 84.1 geo mean all 284.72 Location Date flow Final E. Coli. (mpn/100ml) WIN 85.5 6/11/13 high 344 WIN 85.5 6/25/13 high 308 WIN 85.5 7/9/13 high 77 WIN 85.1 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 85.5 8/13/13 low 42 WIN 85.5 8/27/13 low 130 WIN 85.5 geo mean dry 73.89 WIN 85.5 geo mean all 218.15 WIN 86.6 6/11/13 high 1203 WIN 86.6 7/9/13 high 58 WIN 86.6 7/23/13 high >2419.6 WIN 86.6 8/13/13 low 29 WIN 86.6 8/27/13 low 80 WIN 86.6 geo mean dry 48.17 WIN 86.6 geo mean all 208.26 Appendix 3: Water quality results from 2013 locations. Location Date Flow Chloride (mg/L) TN (mg-N/l) TP (ug P/L) GB 0.1 6/25/13 high 2 0.08 71.4 GB 0.1 7/23/13 high 2.71 1.37 424 GB 0.1 8/27/13 base 7.4 0.64 6.03 GB 0.1 9/17/13 base 3.96 0.43 6.54 GB 0.1 average base 5.68 0.535 6.285 GB 0.1 average all 2.4 0.7 247.7 JB 0.1 6/25/13 high 2 na 12.7 JB 0.1 7/23/13 high 2 1.49 473 JB 0.1 8/27/13 base 2 0.26 8.68 JB 0.1 9/17/13 base 2 0.31 9.24 JB 0.1 average base 2 0.29 8.96 JB 0.1 average all 2 0.69 125.91 NAB 02.6 6/25/13 high 2 25.8 NAB 02.6 7/23/13 high 2 0.36 40.9 NAB 02.6 8/27/13 base 2 0.25 14.4 NAB 02.6 9/17/13 base 2 0.38 15.1 NAB 02.6 average base 2 0.315 14.75 NAB 02.6 average all 2 0.32 21.89 WIN 72.8 6/25/13 high 5.22 29.40 WIN 72.8 7/23/13 high 4.56 0.5 116.00 WIN 72.8 8/27/13 base 5.95 0.44 20.3 WIN 72.8 9/17/13 base 5.59 0.3 19.7 WIN 72.8 average base 5.77 0.37 20.00 WIN 72.8 average all 5.33 0.41 46.35 WIN 87.9 6/25/13 high 15.20 0.22 20 WIN 87.9 7/23/13 high 11.7 2.08 595 WIN 87.9 8/27/13 base 16.7 0.35 8.61 WIN 87.9 9/17/13 base 20.4 0.36 9.52 WIN 87.9 average base 18.55 0.355 9.065 WIN 87.9 average all 16.0 0.8 158.2